QNZ can inhibit the activation of NF-κB and the production of TNF-α with IC50 of 11 nM and 7 nM, respectively.

Necrostatin 2 is a potent necroptosis inhibitor with EC50 of 50 nM.

Roquinimex is a quinoline derivative immunostimulant which increases NK cell activity and macrophage cytotoxicity and inhibits angiogenesis and reduces the secretion of TNF alpha.

VGX-1027 is an orally active immunomodulatory agent that primarily targets macrophages, it can inhibit TNF-α secretion via interference of macrophage toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR 2/6 signaling pathway. VGX-1027 also reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ.

Nedocromil Sodium is a potent TNF-α inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.67 μM for Blood eosinophils.

GSK'481 can inhibit RIP1 WT S166 phosphorylation in human vs mouse plasmids overexpressed in HEK293T cells.

R-7050 is an antagonist of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) that towards TNFα.

Geraniin is a naturally occuring dehydroellagitannin found in geraniums which can mediates apoptosis.

Forsythoside B is a natural product isolated and purified from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa which inhibits inflammatory response,and has antioxidant properties with potent neuroprotective effects with a favorable therapeutic time-window, reduce of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury degree, attenuating blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and can rescue cardiac function from I/R injury.

Homoplantaginin, a main flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicine Salvia plebeia, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Homoplantaginin could inhibit TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, IKKβ and NF-κB phosphorylation. Homoplantaginin ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance by inhibiting inflammation and modulating cell signalling via the IKKβ/IRS-1/pAkt/peNOS pathway.

(Rac)-Benpyrine is the racemate form of Benpyrine. Benpyrine could directly bind to TNF-α and block TNF-α-trigged signaling activation in vitro and in vivo. Administration of benpyrine by gavage significantly relieved the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis and imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation in mice.

PF-3644022 is a potent, ATP-competitive inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) (IC50 = 5.2 nM and Ki = 3 nM). It inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production in U937 monocytic cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (IC50 = 160 nM) and exhibits oral efficacy in acute and chronic inflammatory models.

Thalidomide targets to CRBN with IC50 of 8.5 nM. It can inhibit biosynthesis of TNF-α and has anti-angiogenic and immunosuppressive effects.

Lenalidomide, a analog of thalidomide, is TNF-α secretion inhibitor with IC50 of 13 nM.

Pomalidomide can inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α release with IC50 of 13 nM in PBMCs.

Bioymifi is an activatior of the TRAIL receptor DR5 in cancer cells.

Pimaric acid is a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Aralia cordata having a potent anti-atherosclerotic activity with inhibitory action on matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and cell migration in TNF-α-induced human aortic smooth muscle cells.

Butoconazole nitrate is an anti-fungal agent and the IC50s of IL-2, TNFα, IFN and GM-CSF are 7.2 μg/mL, 14.4 μg/mL, 7.36 μg/mL and 7.6 μg/mL, respectively.